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The shape is easier to visualize than describe; see the pictures here for very typical examples of several subtle varieties. Capacities of the most common sizes ranged from oz. Larger "quart" sizes ozs. Many subtle different variations of the Hutchinson soda bottle were made through the years. There are taller and squattier versions, those with "mug bases", different capacities, and others that are hard to differentiate from the illustrations. Click on the following links to see the different Hutchinson soda listings from the IGCo. Early catalogs did not call these bottles "Hutchinson soda bottles", but instead just referred to them as "soda or mineral water bottles" which was logical given that the Hutchinson name is attached the closure not the bottle.
These catalogs did often note that the bottles were " finished for the Hutchinson Stopper " and other closures like, cork, the Baltimore Loop Seal , and Lightning stopper. Indeed, the vast majority of Hutchinson soda bottles were made in shades of aqua, with colorless which will often turn amethyst glass being the next most common color.
Any other color is rare in these bottles as indicated by one person's account that there were different embossed "colored" Hutchinson soda bottles in the U. The Hutchinson stopper was patented in April of by Charles G. Hutchinson and fairly quickly made cork closured soda bottles obsolete Riley This was visually portrayed by a humorous s advertisement from Hutchinson's company which portrayed the Hutchinson style bottle as a boxer knocking out multiple contenders, all of which were varying soda bottles with "other" closures.
The Hutchinson bottles "boxing gloves" were the flat ends of the stoppers Graci There were numerous types of competing internal spring stoppers similar to the Hutchinson, though the "Hutchinson's Patent Spring Stopper" made by W. This stoppers' main drawback was that it was internal leading to eventual cleanliness issues concerning the re-use and cleaning of the bottles.
At that same time the crown cap was racing towards beverage bottle dominance for various reasons next section.
The Hutchinson spring stopper, positioned in a typical conformation bottle, is shown in the cut-away illustration to the right which shows the stopper in the sealed position illustration courtesy of the Glass Container Manufacturers Institute. The contents were accessed by pushing down on the top of the wire spring loop which released the pressure and opened the closure.
When pushed down slightly to open, the stopper stayed in place - i. In - the era of the pictured bottle - the company advertised the production of numerous beverages any of which could have been in this bottle - soda water, sarsaparilla, ginger ale, cream soda, cider, and more. The pictured Hutchinson soda is one of three similar variations with an eagle produced by the company and likely dates from about to The noted, but not pictured, blob-top Portland Soda Works bottle is an example of where a feel for the relative rarity in hand with other information - i.
The pictured bottle has an applied blob finish and was blown in a post-bottom mold with no evidence of air venting - all attributes typical of an s Hutchinson soda. The manufacturing methods resulted in this and most of the bottles observed from this mold being very crude in the body "whittled" with relatively flat, rounded embossing. Click on the following links to view other pictures of this soda bottle: The soda bottle pictured to the right is a slightly "squattier" Hutchinson style that is embossed in a round plate with MT.
It likely dates from between and and is an example of the relatively common style with a sided "mug base", which has a sided lower body though the base is still largely round. The base of this bottle has an embossed " H " which is believed by some to be makers mark for the Holt Glass Works , which was destroyed by the April 18th, San Francisco earthquake and not rebuilt, giving the noted end date of Toulouse , Fowler ,Thomas The bottle on the right side of the picture has the typical gravitating stopper shape but with a Hutchinson stopper still in place as was described in the previous section.
The bottle on the left side of the picture is a "mug base" sided lower body , tall style Hutchinson soda with the embossing in a round plate, a tooled blob finish, and was blown in a cup base mold with no apparent mold air venting. The first Portland city business directory listing for the Pacific Soda Works was in probably producing the gravitating stopper type bottle with the remaining listings under a different owner between and The glassmakers mark, business directory information, and the noted manufacturing related features indicate a likely manufacturing date for the Hutchinson bottle of the late s or early s which fits the later business period Toulouse , Fowler At the lower back heel is the makers mark S.
This bottle has tooled blob finish and was blown in a cup base mold with multiple air venting marks on both shoulders. The combination of the makers mark termination date and the noted diagnostic features indicate a manufacturing date for this bottle of between about and , though local MI. Click on the following links to see more images of this quart soda bottle: Click on the following links to see the different larger style Hutchinson soda listings from the IGCo. The certain Hutchinson closured stopper missing bottle pictured to the left is embossed with W.
Note the similarity of this relatively steep shouldered bottle to the gravitating stopper bottle pictured earlier on this page; either of the two closures could have been used in bottles of this shape as noted in the "Gravitating Stopper" discussion. This particular bottle appears to have a tooled blob finish, was blown in a post-bottom mold, but lacks evidence of mold air venting indicating a likely mids production.
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True applied finishes on Hutchinson soda bottles date from about to and possibly as late as about Applied finishes on Hutchinson bottles are relatively uncommon compared to tooled finishes since it took some time for the popularity of Hutchinson bottles to usurp the earlier styles. Tooled finish Hutchinson bottles date from the late s to the end of production for this style in the mid s, with most bottles dating between the late s and Some references list as the end date for Hutchinson stoppers which seems unlikely since the Illinois Glass Company was still listing over 40 different molds for Hutchinson style soda bottles in their catalog and other catalogs show them being produced at least as late [IGCo.
Two extremely unusual machine-made Hutchinson sodas have been reported to the author [Bill Lockhart pers. One example was made by the Owens-Illinois Glass Co. Both bottles are base date coded and are the latest known Hutchinson bottles. Click on the following links to see photos of the bottle: Roorbach Ball Stopper This closure is covered primarily to show a bit of the variety to the class of internal stoppered soda bottles, most of which this style included had limited popularity at best.
This style is also covered since a kind collector provided some good pictures The internal pressure of the carbonated contents pushed and held in place the hard rubber ball which meshed against the rubber gasket set into a double groove within the wide blob finish. This closure was patented February 20th, , with additional patents in , and did achieve some market success as bottles using it are seen on occasion Graci The pictured bottle is from West Virginia and shows the finish gasket and ball still in the bottle picture to the right. It is also embossed around the heel with the and patent dates.
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These bottles seem to always have a very wide and somewhat short variation of a blob finish, almost surely to facilitate the ball and gasket use. Click Roorbach finish to see a close-up of the unusual blob. The overall shape of the bottle is reminiscent of a wide necked Hutchinson soda. Most Roorbach bottles appear to be from east of the Mississippi, though a few are noted from the West Fowler pers. Stewart's patent was issued June 16th, Graci Click Stewart Patent bottle to view a bottle which is visually identical in shape to the Roorbach pictured here; click Stewart Patent base to see the base of the Stewart bottle.
How this bottle differs enough from the Roorbach to warrant a separate patent is hard to say since they appear identical to each other. The author of this website has not personally observed one of these bottles though both bottles appear in the pictures to likely have tooled finishes, though it is possible that they are applied. The closure never found much favor due to its direct competition with already established and easier to use Hutchinson stopper and later the crown cap.
Pictures courtesy of Barry Theurer. The crown cap closure and finish is arguably the second most significant closure invention of the late 19th century with continuous use throughout the entire 20th century and today. The crown cap was patented by William Painter in , who also patented the Baltimore Loop Seal which was used on soda bottles to some degree in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
It was called the crown cap because, according to Painter, it " gives a crowning and beautiful effect to the bottle. This closure consists of a simple metal cap with a corrugated skirt or flange and a compressible liner originally cork and now plastic inside the top. The finish is as shown in the pictures below which is a narrow rounded bead upper part lip with a variably sized tapered or rounded lower part collar below.
The cap is placed on the crown finish and crimped into locking position with some type of crown capping tool or machine Lief To access the contents of the bottle the still familiar, small, hand bottle opener is used.
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This finish style prompted and required new shapes of bottles that were more conducive to the ever increasing automation in the bottling business. That is the subject of this section. Two date and characteristic related categories are addressed in this section: This is a relatively arbitrary "break" in that some "Early Crown Top Soda" types i.
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The term "modern style" has been used by some historical archaeologists for this entire class of crown top soda bottles which, though relatively accurate in a comparative sense to the earlier styles, has not been widely accepted Schulz The early crown top style soda bottles of the late 19th and early 20th century are, of course, identified by having the distinctive crown cap accepting finish.
The name "crown top" or just "crown" soda is widely accepted by archaeologists and collectors though these were simply called a "soda or mineral water bottle" by early glass makers with the notation that they were made to " take the crown finish " IGCo. One bottle maker just called this general style a "plain soda" Fairmount s.
Machine-made "early" crown top sodas date primarily from the early s, throughout the s, and in to the early s; they generally pre-date the ACL era of bottles. These "early" soda bottles bridge the transition from older craft based bottle manufacturing methods to modern semi-automated and fully automated bottle making machines and soda bottling methods.
The shape of most early crown top soda bottles are similar to those shown here. Moving up from the heel to the rim of the bottle, these have: See the pictures here for very typical examples of several subtle varieties. Similar to the Hutchinson style, capacities of the most common crown top soda sizes ranged from 6 to 15 oz. Many subtle variations of the early crown top soda bottles were made through the years. There are taller and squattier versions, those with sided "mug bases", and others that are hard to differentiate from each other.
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Click on the following links to see the different crown top soda listings from the IGCo. Indeed, the vast majority of crown top soda bottles were made in shades of aqua with colorless which will often turn amethyst glass being the next commonest color. Any other color in a early crown top soda - especially a mouth-blown example - is very unusual, even more so than with Hutchinson sodas.
The soda bottles pictured to the right are a pair of different styles from the same company. Marshfield was an earlier - pre - name for Coos Bay, OR. The bottle to the left side of the picture is a Hutchinson style soda which was added for style comparison. The bottle to the right same bottle as pictured above is a typical mouth-blown crown soda with a tooled crown finish, multiple air venting marks on both shoulders, which was blown in a cup base mold.
Both bottles were blown in 4-piece molds as indicated by the horizontal shoulder seam and vertical body side seams.
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Research indicates that this company was in business from to Fowler The crown soda is also embossed on the base with P. Observations have indicated that this mark was only used on mouth-blown bottles and then primarily from about to the early s Lockhart unpublished manuscript; empirical observations. Given all this information, it is likely that the Hutchinson style dates from about to maybe with the crown top version dating from to the early s.
Within this timeframe it is not impossible that the Hutchinson style was made later than the crown style, though this would be highly unusual given the irreversible trend at that time towards the crown top style and away from the increasingly obsolescent Hutchinson stopper. Both styles of the Cape Argo sodas are relatively common hinting towards both being made for several years at least, though the commonness might be a function of a lot of them being excavated at some point in the past.
Click on the following links to view more pictures of these bottles: It has a tooled crown finish and was blown in a cup base mold with multiple shoulder air venting marks.
These pages contain copies of the original patent drawings for machine-made, proprietary design, crown finish soda bottles patented during the era from the mids to s. If anything interests you please use the hot e-mail link at the foot of the page to reserve any item here for two weeks. This style is also covered since a kind collector provided some good pictures To find out more, including how to control cookies, see here: The soda bottles pictured to the right are a pair of different styles from the same company. It has a crudely applied long tapered outwards towards base "oil" type finish for want of a better finish fit with a groove on the inside of the bore for the gasket which the marble sealed against; a ubiquitous finish on a Codd bottle. Friendsy is currently it fun, you can help!
The company was in operation for a lengthy period of time - to - but there is one additional bit of information provided by this bottle. An example of a later, machine-made "early" crown top soda bottle is pictured to the right.
The base is also embossed with the makers mark for the Owens-Illinois Glass Company which indicates it was produced in a "2" to the right of the mark at the 3 "3" to the left of the mark plant - Fairmont, WV. These are all diagnostic features consistent with its manufacture year. A quick internet search for this company yielded information that it was in business at least as early as through at least the s. This is an example of how the internet can provide valuable - though often unsubstantiated - information to assist a person in their pursuit of specific bottle knowledge. The number " 30 " is also embossed on the side of the machine-made crown finish, which along with the " 0 " at the heel, are date codes indicating manufacture in ; the " 71 " is a mold marking of unknown utility Lockhart et al.
Click on the following links for other images of the bottle to the left: This is another bottle that is at the later end of the crown top sodas included in this section, transitioning into the next category discussed below. It is almost identical in body, shoulder, and neck shape to champagne style beer bottles.
This linked champagne style bottle could have been used for beer or soda. Crown top examples of champagne style bottles like that shown here were used for both soda and beer, though beer was usually bottled in amber or colorless bottles and soda in green, colorless, and occasionally other colors like the black bottle pictured.